Ti:Sapphire
Description:
Titanium Doped Sapphire Crystal (Ti:Sapphire, Ti:Al2O3), is the most widely used laser crystal for widely tunable and ultrashort pulsed lasers with high gain and high power outputs.
Applications:
The tunable wavelengths that cover a broad range from 700 to 1000 nm make Ti:Sapphire an excellent substitute for dye lasers in many applications;
Doubling by NLO crystals such as BBO in an ultra-thin, Ti:Sapphire can be used to generate UV and DUV (up to 193 nm ) laser with ultrafast pulses below 10fs;
Ti:Sapphire is also widely used as the pumping source of OPOs greatly to expand the tunable range.
Physical and Chemical Properties:
| Chemical formula | Ti3+:Al2O3 |
| Crystal structure | Hexagonal a=4.758, c=12.991 |
| Density | 3.98 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 2040℃ |
| Mohs hardness | 9 |
| Thermal conductivity | 52 W/m/k |
| Laser action | 4-level vibronic |
| Fluorescence lifetime | 3.2us (T=300K) |
| Tuning range | 660-1050 nm |
| Absorption range | 400-600 nm |
| Emission peak | 795 nm |
| Absorption peak | 488 nm |
| Refractive index | 1.76 @ 800 nm |
Specifications:
| Orientation | The rod axis normal or along the optical axis c |
| Ti2O3 concentration | 0.06 - 0.25 wt % |
| Figure of Merit(FOM) | >250 or 150 depending on the doping level |
| End configurations | Flat/Flat or Brewster/Brewster ends |
| Flatness | λ/10 @ 633 nm |
| Parallelism | 20 arc sec |
| Surface finishing | 10/5 scratch/dig to MIL-O-13830A |
| Wavefront distortion | λ/4 per inch |